Open access free for readers, with article processing charges apc paid by authors or their institutions. Isolated fungi were identified on the basis of their colony or hyphal morphology, pigmentation, aerial mycelium, surface. Module morphology and general properties of fungi microbiology 440 notes 51 morphology and general properties of fungi 51. Rootendophytic fungi cause morphological and functional differences in scots pine roots in contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi jussi heinonsalo, a marc buee, b c lumin vaario d a viikki plant science center vips, department of food and environmental sciences, faculty of agriculture and forestry, p. The identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi the healthy leaf, stem and root of the plant m. Eight morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were selected from the medicinal plants elaeocarpus sphaericus coded as elspf 1 to 4 and. Morphological identification was done according to the standard taxonomic key included colony diameter, texture, color and the dimensions and morphology of. Identification of endophytic fungi from new phytologist trust. Endophytic fungi are one of the most unexplored and diverse group of organisms having symbiotic associations with this is a slow growing, sporulating fungi. For inducing sporulation, each of the isolated fungal.
According to classical mycology, most species of endophytic fungi have been described based on their morphological features such as ascospore and peridium morphology, gleba colour, odour, and other organoleptic characteristics 23. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from leaves and barks of. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from vitex negundo linn. Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic. Bacteria in oral secretions of an endophytic insect. Knowledge of the extent of fungal endophytism is still relatively new. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant adenium obesum. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10 species palm. Endophytic fungi have been classified into two groups based on differences in taxonomy, evolution, plant hosts, and ecological functions into clavicipitaceous, able to infect only some species of grasses, and nonclavicipitaceous, which are found in the asymptomatic tissues of bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms rodriguez et al. Research open access the endophytic fungi of salvia. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of endophytic. Of the seven endophytic fungi isolated, four were found to exhibit anti bacterial activity.
A total of 12 morphologically different endophytic fungi were isolated from l. Endophytic fungi from mangroves viz, phomopsis amygdale, trichoderma sp and alternaria sp have been reported to show high antioxidant activities against various free radicals which go in line with the result of the present study 22,23,18. Isolation, identification and ability of endophytic fungi. Molecular techniques were useful in identifying four nonsporulating deuteromycete fungi. Isolation, identification and ability of endophytic fungi in stimulating cocoa seed germination muh assad1, muhammad taufik2, h.
Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy stems and pods of cacao theobroma cacao trees in natural forest ecosystems and agroecosystems in latin america and west africa. Isolation, morphological characterization and molecular. Species of phoma and its allies were isolated during a survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with pine trees in korea. Endophytic fungi are unique among the many plant microbial symbionts because they are the only microbial group thought to bene. Classification of fungi morphology and structure pathogenicity diagnosis useful properties of fungi diverse group of chemo heterotrophs over 100,000 fungal species identified only about 100 are human or animal pathogens saprophytes digest dead organic matter. Identification of endophytic fungi from livistona chinensis. Endophytic fungi are those living inside the host plant without causing any apparent negative effect on host plant. Bodhankar department of microbiology, yashwantrao mohite college, bharati vidyapeeth university, pune 411038, india corresponding author abstract introduction in view of the increased global health. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from uitm. A total of six 6 endophytic fungi were isolated from 20 samples of a.
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from. All the isolated endophytic fungi have been stored on pda slants at 4c and kept at college of life sciences, taishan medical university, shandong province, china. Morphological and microscopical characterization of endophytic fungi. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic. Five different taxa were represented by 11 isolates, and six isolates were. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated and. Isolation of endophytic fungi and screening of huperzine a. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, protists and bacteria. Endophytic fungi are beneficial to their host plants and have the ability to produce bioac. Variation in endophytic fungi from roots and leaves of lepanthes orchidaceae by paul bayman1, ligia l. Research article morphological study of endophytic fungi.
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia. For a long time, classification and identification of these species were studied through morphologic criteria 19, 22. Introduction endophytic fungi, at the beginning were applied for any organism found within the plant. Negeri sembilan were successfully isolated and identified by morphology and. A survey of the endophytic fungi in fronds of livistona chinensis was carried out in hong kong. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Purification, selection and preservation of endophytic fungi. Research open access the endophytic fungi of salvia miltiorrhiza bge. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the bacopa monnieri. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. Morphological descriptions, colour plates and phylogenies are given for each taxon. Bioactive metabolites from an endophytic fungus penicillium. However, these fungi were difficult to identify at the species level.
Taxonomic placement of sterile morphotypes of endophytic fungi from pinus tabulaeformis pinaceae in northeast china based on rdna sequences. Fungi that live within functional and healthy plant tissues for all or part of their life cycle. Endophytic fungi that are residing asymptomatically in internal tissues of all higher plants are of growing interest as promising sources of biologically active agents. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer and. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from bacopa monnieri l. Phylogeny and morphology of lasiodiplodia species associated with magnolia forest plants. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from needles of pinus densiflora and pinus koraiensis in korea based on analysis of the its sequences, ten sequences belonged to leotiomycetes, most of which were closely related to the lophodermium sp. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 3 7 days. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi. Mongkuts institute of technology ladkrabang kmitl, bangkok, thailand, were isolated and identified by morphology. Endophytic fungi, morphological study, melia azedarach l.
Outlines characteristics of fungus classification of fungi morphology and structure. Apr 07, 2018 purification, selection and preservation of endophytic fungi. Frontiers a friendly relationship between endophytic fungi. Acremonium falciforme was the most dominant fungi that inhabited both the. These fungi were collected for screening as a potential. Endophytic fungi produce many secondary compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids which have been shown to have antitumor effects. Fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds british english. Morphology and phylogeny of rootendophytic fungus periconia.
The alkaloid beauvericin has been isolated from the fungus fusarium oxysporum and has shown cytotoxicity against the tumor cells pc3, panc1, and a549. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants wiyakrutta et al. Endophytic fungi, morphology, peyronellaea, pinus koraiensis, sequence analysis introduction peyronellaea is a proposed new genus 1 that includes species originally classified in genus phoma defined by boerema et al. The term endophytic was revered to the diverse group of fungi which live asymptomatic within photosynthetic tissue of plant for. The endophyte assemblages identified using morphological characters consisted of 16 named species and 19 morphospecies, the latter grouped based on cultural morphology and growth rates. Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from ten different varieties of mango mahesh s. Identification of endophytic fungi from fruits and. Extracts from liquid cultures were tested for cytotoxicity against a number of.
Therefore, the effects of leafinhabiting endophytic fungi of f. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense occurs when endophytic fungi, which live symbiotically with the majority of plants by entering their cells, often fungus or bacteruim, are utilized as an indirect defense against herbivores. Identification of fungal endophytes the identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology and molecular methods. Pdf morphological and molecular identification of fungal. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from isachne globosa, a common rice weed found in sri lanka dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the module bt 3064 experimental plant biotechnology b. Microbiology module morphology and general properties of fungi microbiology 440 notes 51 morphology and general properties of fungi 51. Studies had shown previously to protect watermelon citrullus lanatus and cucumber cucumis sativus seedlings from anthracnose disease elicited by wildtype c. The emerging endophytic fungi were isolated, purified and maintained by continuous subculturing jayanthi et al. The wide variety of endophytes isolated further highlights the. The sample of fungal isolates were mounted on the sterile slides then it was stained with lactophenol cotton blue and examined in 40x light microscopy 15. Identification of fungi of the genus aspergillus hydrolytic enzymes like lipases and amylases 1, 26. Over the long period of evolution, some coexisting endophytes and their host plants have established a special relationship with one and another, which can significantly influence the formation of metabolic products in plants, then affect quality and. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from. Morphological and molecular characterization of fungus.
The endophytic fungi were isolated using threestep surface sterilization technique which was described by petrini 1986 and adapted from doilom et al. They enhance their hosts resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. While endophytic fungi have been studied from needle, bark, xylem, and seed of conifers 11, 12, abundant endophytic fungi are found in needles of many conifer species. This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells, respectively.
Among these three isolates also showed anti oxidant activity. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from various. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from. After incubation, fungal colonies were selected and streaked on potato dextrose agar plates and incubated at 30c for about 72 hours. Rootendophytic fungi cause morphological and functional. Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity. The colony looked dark in appearance with mycelia being immersed, branched, septate and brown in color. Isolation of endophytic fungi endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves and stems of s. Department of plant pathology, college of horticulture, university of horticultural sciences campus, gkvk, bengaluru, 560 065, karnataka, india. Variation in endophytic fungi from roots and leaves of. Morphological and molecular characterization of endophytic.
The korean pine pinus koraiensis is one of the most important afforestation trees in korea with its distribution in china, russia, japan and europe 14, 15. The associations of endophytic fungi with their host plants are varied and complex, being mostly a cryptic phenomenon in nature. The colony morphology and frequency of occurrence of each endophytic fungus was noticed. Five different taxa were represented by 11 isolates, and six isolates were grouped. The fungal endophytes are a diverse group of organisms forming associations almost ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom. Jean lodge 3 1 department of biology, university of puerto ricorio piedras, box 23360, san juan, pr 00931, usa 2 terrestrial ecology division, upr, box 363682, san juan, pr 00936, usa 3 center for forest.
In exchange for carbohydrate energy resources, the fungus provides benefits to the plant which can include increased water or nutrient uptake and protection from. Morphology and phylogeny of ootendophyte r periconia igniaria. Morphological and microscopical characterization of endophytic fungi the identification procedure of endophytic fungi was based on morphology. Microscopical analysis isolated endophytic fungi were stained using lactophenol cotton blue staining procedure and visualized under microscope at 40x magnification. Natural products from endolichenic fungi, isolated from a variety of different lichen species, have been attracting increased attention for their potential to produce bioactive metabolites possessing new structures and representing different structural classes. Endolichenic fungi are diverse groups of predominantly filamentous fungi that reside asymptomatically in the interior of lichen thalli. Protective effect of endophytic fungi detection of endophytic fungi and h. Endophytic fungi or endophytes exist widely inside the healthy tissues of living plants, and are important components of plant microecosystems. A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and. Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity of. A total of 153 endophytic fungi were isolated from 94 fresh plants and purified from 1974 tissue segments stems, leaves, and roots of.
Research article morphological study of endophytic. Jul 12, 2016 endolichenic fungi are diverse groups of predominantly filamentous fungi that reside asymptomatically in the interior of lichen thalli. The relationship between certain grasses and endophytic fungi is a symbiosis and ranges from mutualistic to antagonistic. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10 species palm trees.
Isolation of endophytic fungi was carried out according to the method described by suryanarayanan et al. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from. Highly potential fungus which showed antibacterial activities at the lowest amount. The taxonomy of fungi belonging to the section nigri comprises one of the most confusing and complex due to the subtle differences between the species.
Effects of endophytic fungi on the ash dieback pathogen. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 10. Gusnawaty2, asniah2 1assessment institute for agricultural technology, kendari, indonesia 2department of agrotechnology, university of. Seven hundred twenty segments of leaves of melia azedarach l. Administration of these secretions indicated a dosedependent inhibitory effect. Introduction to fungi classification, morphology and pathogenicity. About the endophytic fungus, trichoderma can be commonly found both in cultivated and noncultivated soils, and is used in biological control of a variety of plantpathogenic fungi such as fusarium verticillioides and rhizoctonia solani. Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. Molecular characterization and morphology of two endophytic. Briefly, plant samples were surfacesterilized with 70% ethanol for 1 min, 4% sodium hypochlorite for 3. Endophytic fungi from the chinese medicinal plant actinidia macrosperma were isolated and identified for the first time.
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